philippine educational system

Nature of the Philippine Educational System

1. Bureau’s responsibility to give education which has the role to rear the youth for civic efficiency

2. State has the control and supervision over educational system (public/ private)

3. State should establish a complete and adequate system of education

4. The educational system provides free elementary instruction

5. The public schools are on-sectarian but allows optional religious instruction

6. Schools should aim to develop moral character, personal discipline, civic conscience, vocational efficiency, duties of citizenship

7. The universities enjoy academic freedom

8. The state promotes arts, sciences, and letter by providing scholarship for specially gifted citizens


Function of the Bureau for Education

1. Establish primary schools in every town

2. Authorized to establish night schools

3. Fix the salaries of the teachers within the limit established by law

4. Fix the curricula for all schools under its jurisdictions

5. Prescribe the authority of principals and teachers

6. Prescribe rules for the construction of school houses, and fix areas and land size required

7. Prescribe rules for hygiene to be observed

8. Determine the towns where teachers are paid by national treasury

9. Maintain in Manila or elsewhere in the Philippines classes to furnish superior instruction to teachers


Legal Bases

--Historical Background: Established Second Philippine Commission (William H. Taft) as legislative body to ensure free primary education system, develop duties of citizenship and civilized community, and learn English to be the medium of instruction

--Act No. 74 of the Philippine Commission: establishment of Normal School and Trade School in Manila, organization of the Department of Public Instruction to control and supervise schools established by Military Regime.

--Act No. 477: Created the Bureau of Education (for public schools) which later changed to Bureau of Public Schools (EO No. 94)
Philippine constitution (1935), Sec. 5, Art XIV: “All educational institutions shall be under the supervision of and subject to regulation by the State.”

--State colleges/universities enjoyed freedom of action as to administration and supervision

--Commonwealth Act No. 180: All private schools (except non-diploma granters) are under the DPI. Substandard institutions disappeared but the question of nationalism emerged to Chinese schools which used curricula, English and Chinese.

--Commonwealth Act No 586 (Education Act of 1940): reduction from 7 to 6 years elementary, school entrance age, national support to elementary education, and compulsory attendance (fine P20-P50 were never imposed). Effects of Double-single:
a. 40 in the morning and 40 in the afternoon for 1 teacher, instead of the
original 60 for whole day
b. Children learn very little
c. Children loafed around one half day
d. 3:2 or 5:3 (teacher-class ratio) or to 1:1
e. Quality of instruction declined
f. Young and poorly taught graduates

--Republic Act No. 896 (Elementary Education Act of 1953): Restoration of grade VII (subject to availability of funds), return to the former practice, compulsory completion of the elementary grades, compulsory enrollment at age 7.



AIMS OF EDUCATION

1. Moral and spiritual values

2. Patriotism

3. Habits of industry

4. Family solidarity and cultural heritage

5. Promote sciences and arts